Preparando o MySQL

Antes de instalarmos o Cacti, precisamos preparar o ambiente para recebe-lo. Um dos requisitos é o banco de dados MySQL. Nele, já precisamos ter uma base dados e um usuário criado para que o Cacti seja instalado corretamente.

root@debian:~# mysql -p -u root

Enter password: **********

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 18166
Server version: 5.1.37-0.dotdeb.1 (Debian)

Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.

mysql> create database cacti;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant all privileges on cacti.* to cacti@localhost identified by ‘senha’;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit
Bye

Instalação dos Pacotes

A instalação do Cacti é muito simples e você acha documentação relacionada facilmente na internet.

Vale lembrar que você precisa de um Apache com suporte a um PHP, suporte também a SNMP (pacote php5-snmp).

Dois pacotes também necessários, são RRDTool e o SNMP que são responsáveis por fornecer as informações que o Cacti precisa para o monitoramento.

Bom, vamos a instalação dos pacotes.

root@debian:~# aptitude install cacti cacti-spine rrdtool

Configuring libphp-adodb:

Configuring cacti
Webserver type: Apache2
Configure database for cacti with dbconfig-common?
Password of your database’s administrative user: **********
MySQL application password for cacti: **********
Password confirmation: **********

Ajustando as Configurações do Cacti

Vamos apenas conferir o arquivo de configuração para ver se está tudo OK.

root@debian:~# vi /etc/cacti/debian.php

$database_username=’cacti’;
$database_password=’senha’;
$basepath=”;
$database_default=’cacti’;
$database_hostname=”;
$database_port=”;
$dbtype=’mysql’;

Instalando e Configurando o SNMP

Primeiramente, vamos instalar os pacotes necessários.

root@debian:~# aptitude install snmpd php5-snmp

Agora precisamos configurar o SNMP para acesso publico, para que a coleta de informações seja possível.

root@debian:~# vi /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf

###############################################################################
# Access Control
###############################################################################

# sec.name source community
com2sec local localhost private
com2sec mynet 127.0.0.0/8 public
com2sec public default public

# sec.model sec.name
group mygroup v1 mynet
group mygroup v2c mynet
group local v1 local
group local v2c local
group public v1 public
group public v2c public

# incl/excl subtree mask
view all included .1 80
view system included .iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.system

# context sec.model sec.level match read write notif
access mygroup “” any noauth exact all none none
access public “” any noauth exact all none none
access local “” any noauth exact all all all

# —————————————————————————–

###############################################################################
# System contact information
###############################################################################

syslocation Unknown (configure /etc/snmp/snmpd.local.conf)
syscontact Root (configure /etc/snmp/snmpd.local.conf)

# —————————————————————————–

###############################################################################

Lembre-se de colocar um mynet correto para sua rede.
Testando e Debugando

Se você quiser testar antes de ir para a interface gráfica, ou se a mesma não funcionar, experimente algumas dessas dicas:
Ver se o daemon do SNMP está de fato rodando

root@debian:~# netstat -nlp | grep snm

udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:161 0.0.0.0:* 4221/snmpd

Tentar chegar até a máquina a ser monitorada com o nmap

root@debian:~# nmap -sU -p 161 127.0.0.1

Starting Nmap 4.62 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2009-09-24 16:31 BRT
Interesting ports on localhost (127.0.0.1):
PORT STATE SERVICE
161/udp open|filtered snmp

Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 2.062 seconds

Use o snmpwalk para testar conectividade

root@debian:~# snmpwalk -v 2c -c public 127.0.0.1 system

SNMPv2-MIB::sysDescr.0 = STRING: Linux www.dominio.com.br 2.6.26-2-amd64 #1 SMP
SNMPv2-MIB::sysObjectID.0 = OID: NET-SNMP-MIB::netSnmpAgentOIDs.10
DISMAN-EVENT-MIB::sysUpTimeInstance = Timeticks: (218855) 0:36:28.55
SNMPv2-MIB::sysContact.0 = STRING: Root (configure /etc/snmp/snmpd.local.conf)
SNMPv2-MIB::sysName.0 = STRING: www.dominio.com.br
SNMPv2-MIB::sysLocation.0 = STRING: Unknown (configure /etc/snmp/snmpd.local.conf)
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORLastChange.0 = Timeticks: (0) 0:00:00.00
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.1 = OID: SNMP-FRAMEWORK-MIB::snmpFrameworkMIBCompliance
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.2 = OID: SNMP-MPD-MIB::snmpMPDCompliance
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.3 = OID: SNMP-USER-BASED-SM-MIB::usmMIBCompliance
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.4 = OID: SNMPv2-MIB::snmpMIB
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.5 = OID: TCP-MIB::tcpMIB
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.6 = OID: IP-MIB::ip
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.7 = OID: UDP-MIB::udpMIB
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.8 = OID: SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM-MIB::vacmBasicGroup
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.1 = STRING: The SNMP Management Architecture MIB.
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.2 = STRING: The MIB for Message Processing and Dispatching.
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.3 = STRING: The management information definitions for the SNMP User-based Security Model.
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.4 = STRING: The MIB module for SNMPv2 entities
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.5 = STRING: The MIB module for managing TCP implementations
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.6 = STRING: The MIB module for managing IP and ICMP implementations
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.7 = STRING: The MIB module for managing UDP implementations
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.8 = STRING: View-based Access Control Model for SNMP.
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.1 = Timeticks: (0) 0:00:00.00
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.2 = Timeticks: (0) 0:00:00.00
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.3 = Timeticks: (0) 0:00:00.00
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.4 = Timeticks: (0) 0:00:00.00
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.5 = Timeticks: (0) 0:00:00.00
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.6 = Timeticks: (0) 0:00:00.00
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.7 = Timeticks: (0) 0:00:00.00
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.8 = Timeticks: (0) 0:00:00.00

Se deu tudo certo até aqui, você pode acessar a interface gráfica.

http://www.dominio.com.br/cacti

Existe uma configuração inicial que precisa ser realizada, mas é bem simples de realizar. Posterior a isso, é só adicionar as novas máquinas para serem monitoradas.